3CE5    FLUID MECHANICS

 

UNIT 1

Fluids

: Definition, Ideal fluids, real fluids, Newtonian and non-Newtonian fluids.

Properties of Fluids:

Units of measurement, Mass density, Specific weight, Specific volume, Specific

Gravity, Viscosity, Surface tension and Capillarity, Compressibility and Elasticity.

UNIT 2

Hydrostatics :

Pressure at a point in a static fluid; pressure variation in an incompressible static fluid;

atmospheric pressure, Gauge pressure, vacuum pressure, absolute pressure, Manometers Bourdon  pressure

gauge.

Buoyancy

: Forces acting on immersed plane surface. Centre of pressure, forces on curved surfaces.

Conditions of equilibrium for floating bodies, meta-centre and metacentric height experimental and

analytical determination of metacentric height.

UNIT 3

Equilibrium of Fluid particles and flow

: Fluid mass subjected to horizontal and vertical acceleration and

uniform rotation.

Hydro-kinematics :

Types of Flows :

Steady and unsteady, uniform and non-uniform, stream lines, path

lines, stream tubes, principles of conservation of mass, equation of continuity, acceleration of fluid particles

local and connective, Rotational and irrational motions, free and forced vortex, circulation and voracity

velocity potential and stream function, elementary treatment of flow net. Euler’s equations of motion and

integration of Euler’s equations, Bernoulli’s equation for incompressible Fluids, assumptions in Bernoulli's

equation, Energy correction factor.

UNIT 4

Applications of Bernoulli's equation

: Pitot tube, Venturimeter, orifice meter, orifices & mouth pieces, time

of emptying of tanks by orifices, sharp edged rectangular, triangular and trapezoidal notches, Francis

formula. Velocity of approach. End contractions Cippoletti Weir, time of emptying reservoirs by weirs.

Momentum Equation

and its Application :

Development of momentum equation by control volume

concept, Momentum correction factor, applications – Boarda’s mouth pieces, sudden enlargement of flow,

pressure on flat plates, Nozzles.

UNIT 5

Flow through Pipes

: Laminar flow, Reynolds experiment, transition from laminar to turbulent flow.

Turbulent Flow : Laws of fluid friction, friction factor Moodys diagram, loss of head due to friction and

other causes. Hydraulic gradient, total energy line Chezy’s,  Darcys and Mannings formula, flow through

parallel pipes and pipes in series, flow through branched pipes. Flow along a by pass. Power transmission

through pipe, condition for maximum power. Elementary water hammer concept.