4CE4        SURVEYING – I                                                                                                           L-3

UNIT 1

Introduction :

Importance of surveying to engineers, Plane and geodetic surveying, methods of location of

points, principle of surveying from whole to part, conventional signs.

Measurement of Distances :

Different types of chains, tapes and their uses. Sources of error and

precautions, corrections to tape measurements. Field problems in distance measurement.

UNIT 2

Measurement of Angles & Direction :

Different types of direction measuring instruments and their uses.

Reference meridians, Bearing and azimuths, magnetic declination and its variation. Use and adjustment of

surveyors and prismatic compass. Vernier and micro-optic theodolite, temporary and permanent adjustment

of vernier theodolite. Measurement of horizontal and vertical angle by different methods. Application of

theodolite in field problems.

UNIT 3

Traversing :

Different methods of traversing; chain traverse, chain & compass traverse, transit-tape traverse.

Methods of computations and adjustment of traverse; transit rule, Bowditch rule, graphical method, axis

method. Gales traverse table.

UNIT 4

Leveling :

Definitions of various terms in leveling. Different types of leveling, sources of errors in leveling

curvature and refraction corrections. Temporary and permanent adjustment of dumpy and tilting levels.

Computation and adjustment of levels. Profile leveling; L-Section and cross-sections.

UNIT 5

:

Plane Table Surveying

Elements of plane table survey working operations, methods of plane table survey;

intersection, traversing and resection, two point and three point problems.

Contouring :

Characteristics of contours, contour interval, contour gradient, Methods of locating  contours,

uses of contour maps.